B is the correct answer. Resource partitioning enables different species to utilize the same resource by accessing if differently. Gause's Law and interspecific both refer to competition between diverse species.

he correct answer is D. Density dependent variables reduce the potential of an individual's survival in a dense population. As the populatin becomes denser, these factors increase death rates or reduce birth rates. Choice A refers to age structure as an indicator of a population's growth rate. Choice B refers to variables such as fires, avalanche, drought, and human impact. Choice C refers to individuals leaving a population.

The correct answer is A. Resource partitioning enables species to assume behavioral adaptations to avoid competition. Partitioning allows many different species to share the same resource and successfully survive. Intraspecific competition is within a species. Competitive exclusion and interspecific competition are both between diverse species.

The correct answer is C. Commensalism is a type of symbiosis whereby only one organism receives benefit. Parasitism refers to one organism benefiting at the expense of the other. Coevolution refers to the evolution of species through influential relationships, beneficial or not.

The correct answer is D. Secondary succession is the process of re-establishing a viable community in locations that have some base soil. Primary succession occurs in places previously unoccupied by vegetation, such as lava flows, landslides, open-pit mining, and receding glaciers. Pioneer species are annual plant species that take root during the early years of land recovery. Climax community is the term for a stable environment that can support a composition of species.

D is the correct answer. The age at which an organism reaches sexual maturity, the frequency of reproductive opportunities, and the number of offspring produced are other factors that affect biotic potential. Choice A is the potential rate of increase, assuming there are no limiting factors. Choice B is the difference in form between males and females of the same species. Choice C refers to the number of individuals an environment can support.

he correct answer is D. Carrying capacity is the population size an environment or place is able to support indefinitely. It is different for every environment and its resident organisms. In nature, carrying capacities tend to stabilize over time. Biotic potential is the estimate of an organism's maximum capacity to survive and reproduce. Exponential growth refers to a population's extremely fast growth in numbers. Intrinsic rate of increase is the rate a population would grow in the absence of limits or constraints.

The correct answer is C. Globally, habitat loss is the primary reason species are threatened or endangered. Deforestation, non-native species introduction, and natural resource depletion also have impacts on ecosystems, but they are not the primary contributor to wildlife endangerment.

The correct answer is C. Primary aposematic colors are black, yellow, blue, red, and orange. Sexual dimorphism is the dramatic form difference between the sexes of the same species. Mimicry is the evolution of a species to appear similar to another successful species. Camouflage is a tactic used by some species in order to blend their surroundings to avoid detection.

The correct answer is C. Age structure explores the different age levels in a population. Of particular interest are the age of reproduction and the number of individuals in that age range. Demography is the study of human population dynamics and includes population size, structure, and distribution, and how births, deaths, migration, and aging affect populations over time. Density-independent factors are physical characteristics, such as weather or chemicals, which affect a population no matter its density or size. Immigration is the movement, either temporarily or permanently, of individuals to another location.

The correct answer is B. Eutrophication is made visible in a body of water by the appearance of an algae bloom, which is an abundance of algae growth that can ultimately choke out other aquatic life. Primary succession is the first stage of plant life on barren land, such as after a volcanic eruption. The nitrogen cycle is the natural cycle of the transformation of nitrogen. Gradualism refers to evolution and states that species' modifications occur over time.

The correct answer is D. Fire, wind, water, sunlight, temperature, and other periodic disturbances are abiotic factors. These factors have a direct affect on local and global species distribution. Choice A is incorrect because biotic factors include birth, development, mortality, and intra- and interspecific interactions. Choice B is incorrect because demographic factors usually deal with population growth and age structure. Choice C is incorrect because climax refers to a stable, balanced ecological community of plants and animals.